public class

CollectionUtils

extends Object
java.lang.Object
   ↳ org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils

Class Overview

Provides utility methods and decorators for Collection instances.

Summary

Fields
public static final Collection EMPTY_COLLECTION An empty unmodifiable collection.
Public Constructors
CollectionUtils()
CollectionUtils should not normally be instantiated.
Public Methods
static void addAll(Collection collection, Iterator iterator)
Adds all elements in the iteration to the given collection.
static void addAll(Collection collection, Object[] elements)
Adds all elements in the array to the given collection.
static void addAll(Collection collection, Enumeration enumeration)
Adds all elements in the enumeration to the given collection.
static boolean addIgnoreNull(Collection collection, Object object)
Adds an element to the collection unless the element is null.
static int cardinality(Object obj, Collection coll)
Returns the number of occurrences of obj in coll.
static Collection collect(Collection inputCollection, Transformer transformer, Collection outputCollection)
Transforms all elements from inputCollection with the given transformer and adds them to the outputCollection.
static Collection collect(Collection inputCollection, Transformer transformer)
Returns a new Collection consisting of the elements of inputCollection transformed by the given transformer.
static Collection collect(Iterator inputIterator, Transformer transformer, Collection outputCollection)
Transforms all elements from the inputIterator with the given transformer and adds them to the outputCollection.
static Collection collect(Iterator inputIterator, Transformer transformer)
Transforms all elements from the inputIterator with the given transformer and adds them to the outputCollection.
static boolean containsAny(Collection coll1, Collection coll2)
Returns true iff at least one element is in both collections.
static int countMatches(Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate)
Counts the number of elements in the input collection that match the predicate.
static Collection disjunction(Collection a, Collection b)
Returns a Collection containing the exclusive disjunction (symmetric difference) of the given Collections.
static boolean exists(Collection collection, Predicate predicate)
Answers true if a predicate is true for at least one element of a collection.
static void filter(Collection collection, Predicate predicate)
Filter the collection by applying a Predicate to each element.
static Object find(Collection collection, Predicate predicate)
Finds the first element in the given collection which matches the given predicate.
static void forAllDo(Collection collection, Closure closure)
Executes the given closure on each element in the collection.
static Object get(Object object, int index)
Returns the index-th value in object, throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException if there is no such element or IllegalArgumentException if object is not an instance of one of the supported types.
static Map getCardinalityMap(Collection coll)
Returns a Map mapping each unique element in the given Collection to an Integer representing the number of occurrences of that element in the Collection.
static Object index(Object obj, int idx)
This method is deprecated. use get(Object, int) instead. Will be removed in v4.0
static Object index(Object obj, Object index)
This method is deprecated. use get(Object, int) instead. Will be removed in v4.0
static Collection intersection(Collection a, Collection b)
Returns a Collection containing the intersection of the given Collections.
static boolean isEmpty(Collection coll)
Null-safe check if the specified collection is empty.
static boolean isEqualCollection(Collection a, Collection b)
Returns true iff the given Collections contain exactly the same elements with exactly the same cardinalities.
static boolean isFull(Collection coll)
Returns true if no more elements can be added to the Collection.
static boolean isNotEmpty(Collection coll)
Null-safe check if the specified collection is not empty.
static boolean isProperSubCollection(Collection a, Collection b)
Returns true iff a is a proper sub-collection of b, that is, iff the cardinality of e in a is less than or equal to the cardinality of e in b, for each element e in a, and there is at least one element f such that the cardinality of f in b is strictly greater than the cardinality of f in a.
static boolean isSubCollection(Collection a, Collection b)
Returns true iff a is a sub-collection of b, that is, iff the cardinality of e in a is less than or equal to the cardinality of e in b, for each element e in a.
static int maxSize(Collection coll)
Get the maximum number of elements that the Collection can contain.
static Collection predicatedCollection(Collection collection, Predicate predicate)
Returns a predicated (validating) collection backed by the given collection.
static Collection removeAll(Collection collection, Collection remove)
Removes the elements in remove from collection.
static Collection retainAll(Collection collection, Collection retain)
Returns a collection containing all the elements in collection that are also in retain.
static void reverseArray(Object[] array)
Reverses the order of the given array.
static void select(Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate, Collection outputCollection)
Selects all elements from input collection which match the given predicate and adds them to outputCollection.
static Collection select(Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate)
Selects all elements from input collection which match the given predicate into an output collection.
static Collection selectRejected(Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate)
Selects all elements from inputCollection which don't match the given predicate into an output collection.
static void selectRejected(Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate, Collection outputCollection)
Selects all elements from inputCollection which don't match the given predicate and adds them to outputCollection.
static int size(Object object)
Gets the size of the collection/iterator specified.
static boolean sizeIsEmpty(Object object)
Checks if the specified collection/array/iterator is empty.
static Collection subtract(Collection a, Collection b)
Returns a new Collection containing a - b.
static Collection synchronizedCollection(Collection collection)
Returns a synchronized collection backed by the given collection.
static void transform(Collection collection, Transformer transformer)
Transform the collection by applying a Transformer to each element.
static Collection transformedCollection(Collection collection, Transformer transformer)
Returns a transformed bag backed by the given collection.
static Collection typedCollection(Collection collection, Class type)
Returns a typed collection backed by the given collection.
static Collection union(Collection a, Collection b)
Returns a Collection containing the union of the given Collections.
static Collection unmodifiableCollection(Collection collection)
Returns an unmodifiable collection backed by the given collection.
[Expand]
Inherited Methods
From class java.lang.Object

Fields

public static final Collection EMPTY_COLLECTION

An empty unmodifiable collection. The JDK provides empty Set and List implementations which could be used for this purpose. However they could be cast to Set or List which might be undesirable. This implementation only implements Collection.

Public Constructors

public CollectionUtils ()

CollectionUtils should not normally be instantiated.

Public Methods

public static void addAll (Collection collection, Iterator iterator)

Adds all elements in the iteration to the given collection.

Parameters
collection the collection to add to, must not be null
iterator the iterator of elements to add, must not be null
Throws
NullPointerException if the collection or iterator is null

public static void addAll (Collection collection, Object[] elements)

Adds all elements in the array to the given collection.

Parameters
collection the collection to add to, must not be null
elements the array of elements to add, must not be null
Throws
NullPointerException if the collection or array is null

public static void addAll (Collection collection, Enumeration enumeration)

Adds all elements in the enumeration to the given collection.

Parameters
collection the collection to add to, must not be null
enumeration the enumeration of elements to add, must not be null
Throws
NullPointerException if the collection or enumeration is null

public static boolean addIgnoreNull (Collection collection, Object object)

Adds an element to the collection unless the element is null.

Parameters
collection the collection to add to, must not be null
object the object to add, if null it will not be added
Returns
  • true if the collection changed
Throws
NullPointerException if the collection is null

public static int cardinality (Object obj, Collection coll)

Returns the number of occurrences of obj in coll.

Parameters
obj the object to find the cardinality of
coll the collection to search
Returns
  • the the number of occurrences of obj in coll

public static Collection collect (Collection inputCollection, Transformer transformer, Collection outputCollection)

Transforms all elements from inputCollection with the given transformer and adds them to the outputCollection.

If the input collection or transformer is null, there is no change to the output collection.

Parameters
inputCollection the collection to get the input from, may be null
transformer the transformer to use, may be null
outputCollection the collection to output into, may not be null
Returns
  • the outputCollection with the transformed input added
Throws
NullPointerException if the output collection is null

public static Collection collect (Collection inputCollection, Transformer transformer)

Returns a new Collection consisting of the elements of inputCollection transformed by the given transformer.

If the input transformer is null, the result is an empty list.

Parameters
inputCollection the collection to get the input from, may not be null
transformer the transformer to use, may be null
Returns
  • the transformed result (new list)
Throws
NullPointerException if the input collection is null

public static Collection collect (Iterator inputIterator, Transformer transformer, Collection outputCollection)

Transforms all elements from the inputIterator with the given transformer and adds them to the outputCollection.

If the input iterator or transformer is null, there is no change to the output collection.

Parameters
inputIterator the iterator to get the input from, may be null
transformer the transformer to use, may be null
outputCollection the collection to output into, may not be null
Returns
  • the outputCollection with the transformed input added
Throws
NullPointerException if the output collection is null

public static Collection collect (Iterator inputIterator, Transformer transformer)

Transforms all elements from the inputIterator with the given transformer and adds them to the outputCollection.

If the input iterator or transformer is null, the result is an empty list.

Parameters
inputIterator the iterator to get the input from, may be null
transformer the transformer to use, may be null
Returns
  • the transformed result (new list)

public static boolean containsAny (Collection coll1, Collection coll2)

Returns true iff at least one element is in both collections.

In other words, this method returns true iff the intersection(Collection, Collection) of coll1 and coll2 is not empty.

Parameters
coll1 the first collection, must not be null
coll2 the first collection, must not be null
Returns
  • true iff the intersection of the collections is non-empty

public static int countMatches (Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate)

Counts the number of elements in the input collection that match the predicate.

A null collection or predicate matches no elements.

Parameters
inputCollection the collection to get the input from, may be null
predicate the predicate to use, may be null
Returns
  • the number of matches for the predicate in the collection

public static Collection disjunction (Collection a, Collection b)

Returns a Collection containing the exclusive disjunction (symmetric difference) of the given Collections.

The cardinality of each element e in the returned Collection will be equal to max(cardinality(e,a),cardinality(e,b)) - min(cardinality(e,a),cardinality(e,b)).

This is equivalent to subtract(union(a,b),intersection(a,b)) or union(subtract(a,b),subtract(b,a)).

Parameters
a the first collection, must not be null
b the second collection, must not be null
Returns
  • the symmetric difference of the two collections

public static boolean exists (Collection collection, Predicate predicate)

Answers true if a predicate is true for at least one element of a collection.

A null collection or predicate returns false.

Parameters
collection the collection to get the input from, may be null
predicate the predicate to use, may be null
Returns
  • true if at least one element of the collection matches the predicate

public static void filter (Collection collection, Predicate predicate)

Filter the collection by applying a Predicate to each element. If the predicate returns false, remove the element.

If the input collection or predicate is null, there is no change made.

Parameters
collection the collection to get the input from, may be null
predicate the predicate to use as a filter, may be null

public static Object find (Collection collection, Predicate predicate)

Finds the first element in the given collection which matches the given predicate.

If the input collection or predicate is null, or no element of the collection matches the predicate, null is returned.

Parameters
collection the collection to search, may be null
predicate the predicate to use, may be null
Returns
  • the first element of the collection which matches the predicate or null if none could be found

public static void forAllDo (Collection collection, Closure closure)

Executes the given closure on each element in the collection.

If the input collection or closure is null, there is no change made.

Parameters
collection the collection to get the input from, may be null
closure the closure to perform, may be null

public static Object get (Object object, int index)

Returns the index-th value in object, throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException if there is no such element or IllegalArgumentException if object is not an instance of one of the supported types.

The supported types, and associated semantics are:

  • Map -- the value returned is the Map.Entry in position index in the map's entrySet iterator, if there is such an entry.
  • List -- this method is equivalent to the list's get method.
  • Array -- the index-th array entry is returned, if there is such an entry; otherwise an IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown.
  • Collection -- the value returned is the index-th object returned by the collection's default iterator, if there is such an element.
  • Iterator or Enumeration -- the value returned is the index-th object in the Iterator/Enumeration, if there is such an element. The Iterator/Enumeration is advanced to index (or to the end, if index exceeds the number of entries) as a side effect of this method.

Parameters
object the object to get a value from
index the index to get
Returns
  • the object at the specified index
Throws
IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
IllegalArgumentException if the object type is invalid

public static Map getCardinalityMap (Collection coll)

Returns a Map mapping each unique element in the given Collection to an Integer representing the number of occurrences of that element in the Collection.

Only those elements present in the collection will appear as keys in the map.

Parameters
coll the collection to get the cardinality map for, must not be null
Returns
  • the populated cardinality map

public static Object index (Object obj, int idx)

This method is deprecated.
use get(Object, int) instead. Will be removed in v4.0

Given an Object, and an index, returns the nth value in the object.

  • If obj is a Map, returns the nth value from the keySet iterator, unless the Map contains an Integer key with integer value = idx, in which case the corresponding map entry value is returned. If idx exceeds the number of entries in the map, an empty Iterator is returned.
  • If obj is a List or an array, returns the nth value, throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, resp. if the nth value does not exist.
  • If obj is an iterator, enumeration or Collection, returns the nth value from the iterator, returning an empty Iterator (resp. Enumeration) if the nth value does not exist.
  • Returns the original obj if it is null or not a Collection or Iterator.

Parameters
obj the object to get an index of, may be null
idx the index to get
Throws
IndexOutOfBoundsException
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

public static Object index (Object obj, Object index)

This method is deprecated.
use get(Object, int) instead. Will be removed in v4.0

Given an Object, and a key (index), returns the value associated with that key in the Object. The following checks are made:

  • If obj is a Map, use the index as a key to get a value. If no match continue.
  • Check key is an Integer. If not, return the object passed in.
  • If obj is a Map, get the nth value from the keySet iterator. If the Map has fewer than n entries, return an empty Iterator.
  • If obj is a List or an array, get the nth value, throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, resp. if the nth value does not exist.
  • If obj is an iterator, enumeration or Collection, get the nth value from the iterator, returning an empty Iterator (resp. Enumeration) if the nth value does not exist.
  • Return the original obj.

Parameters
obj the object to get an index of
index the index to get
Returns
  • the object at the specified index
Throws
IndexOutOfBoundsException
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

public static Collection intersection (Collection a, Collection b)

Returns a Collection containing the intersection of the given Collections.

The cardinality of each element in the returned Collection will be equal to the minimum of the cardinality of that element in the two given Collections.

Parameters
a the first collection, must not be null
b the second collection, must not be null
Returns
  • the intersection of the two collections

public static boolean isEmpty (Collection coll)

Null-safe check if the specified collection is empty.

Null returns true.

Parameters
coll the collection to check, may be null
Returns
  • true if empty or null

public static boolean isEqualCollection (Collection a, Collection b)

Returns true iff the given Collections contain exactly the same elements with exactly the same cardinalities.

That is, iff the cardinality of e in a is equal to the cardinality of e in b, for each element e in a or b.

Parameters
a the first collection, must not be null
b the second collection, must not be null
Returns
  • true iff the collections contain the same elements with the same cardinalities.

public static boolean isFull (Collection coll)

Returns true if no more elements can be added to the Collection.

This method uses the BoundedCollection interface to determine the full status. If the collection does not implement this interface then false is returned.

The collection does not have to implement this interface directly. If the collection has been decorated using the decorators subpackage then these will be removed to access the BoundedCollection.

Parameters
coll the collection to check
Returns
  • true if the BoundedCollection is full
Throws
NullPointerException if the collection is null

public static boolean isNotEmpty (Collection coll)

Null-safe check if the specified collection is not empty.

Null returns false.

Parameters
coll the collection to check, may be null
Returns
  • true if non-null and non-empty

public static boolean isProperSubCollection (Collection a, Collection b)

Returns true iff a is a proper sub-collection of b, that is, iff the cardinality of e in a is less than or equal to the cardinality of e in b, for each element e in a, and there is at least one element f such that the cardinality of f in b is strictly greater than the cardinality of f in a.

The implementation assumes

  • a.size() and b.size() represent the total cardinality of a and b, resp.
  • a.size() < Integer.MAXVALUE

Parameters
a the first (sub?) collection, must not be null
b the second (super?) collection, must not be null
Returns
  • true iff a is a proper sub-collection of b

public static boolean isSubCollection (Collection a, Collection b)

Returns true iff a is a sub-collection of b, that is, iff the cardinality of e in a is less than or equal to the cardinality of e in b, for each element e in a.

Parameters
a the first (sub?) collection, must not be null
b the second (super?) collection, must not be null
Returns
  • true iff a is a sub-collection of b

public static int maxSize (Collection coll)

Get the maximum number of elements that the Collection can contain.

This method uses the BoundedCollection interface to determine the maximum size. If the collection does not implement this interface then -1 is returned.

The collection does not have to implement this interface directly. If the collection has been decorated using the decorators subpackage then these will be removed to access the BoundedCollection.

Parameters
coll the collection to check
Returns
  • the maximum size of the BoundedCollection, -1 if no maximum size
Throws
NullPointerException if the collection is null

public static Collection predicatedCollection (Collection collection, Predicate predicate)

Returns a predicated (validating) collection backed by the given collection.

Only objects that pass the test in the given predicate can be added to the collection. Trying to add an invalid object results in an IllegalArgumentException. It is important not to use the original collection after invoking this method, as it is a backdoor for adding invalid objects.

Parameters
collection the collection to predicate, must not be null
predicate the predicate for the collection, must not be null
Returns
  • a predicated collection backed by the given collection
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the Collection is null

public static Collection removeAll (Collection collection, Collection remove)

Removes the elements in remove from collection. That is, this method returns a collection containing all the elements in c that are not in remove. The cardinality of an element e in the returned collection is the same as the cardinality of e in collection unless remove contains e, in which case the cardinality is zero. This method is useful if you do not wish to modify the collection c and thus cannot call collection.removeAll(remove);.

Parameters
collection the collection from which items are removed (in the returned collection)
remove the items to be removed from the returned collection
Returns
  • a Collection containing all the elements of collection except any elements that also occur in remove.
Throws
NullPointerException if either parameter is null

public static Collection retainAll (Collection collection, Collection retain)

Returns a collection containing all the elements in collection that are also in retain. The cardinality of an element e in the returned collection is the same as the cardinality of e in collection unless retain does not contain e, in which case the cardinality is zero. This method is useful if you do not wish to modify the collection c and thus cannot call c.retainAll(retain);.

Parameters
collection the collection whose contents are the target of the #retailAll operation
retain the collection containing the elements to be retained in the returned collection
Returns
  • a Collection containing all the elements of collection that occur at least once in retain.
Throws
NullPointerException if either parameter is null

public static void reverseArray (Object[] array)

Reverses the order of the given array.

Parameters
array the array to reverse

public static void select (Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate, Collection outputCollection)

Selects all elements from input collection which match the given predicate and adds them to outputCollection.

If the input collection or predicate is null, there is no change to the output collection.

Parameters
inputCollection the collection to get the input from, may be null
predicate the predicate to use, may be null
outputCollection the collection to output into, may not be null

public static Collection select (Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate)

Selects all elements from input collection which match the given predicate into an output collection.

A null predicate matches no elements.

Parameters
inputCollection the collection to get the input from, may not be null
predicate the predicate to use, may be null
Returns
  • the elements matching the predicate (new list)
Throws
NullPointerException if the input collection is null

public static Collection selectRejected (Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate)

Selects all elements from inputCollection which don't match the given predicate into an output collection.

If the input predicate is null, the result is an empty list.

Parameters
inputCollection the collection to get the input from, may not be null
predicate the predicate to use, may be null
Returns
  • the elements not matching the predicate (new list)
Throws
NullPointerException if the input collection is null

public static void selectRejected (Collection inputCollection, Predicate predicate, Collection outputCollection)

Selects all elements from inputCollection which don't match the given predicate and adds them to outputCollection.

If the input predicate is null, no elements are added to outputCollection.

Parameters
inputCollection the collection to get the input from, may be null
predicate the predicate to use, may be null
outputCollection the collection to output into, may not be null

public static int size (Object object)

Gets the size of the collection/iterator specified.

This method can handles objects as follows

  • Collection - the collection size
  • Map - the map size
  • Array - the array size
  • Iterator - the number of elements remaining in the iterator
  • Enumeration - the number of elements remaining in the enumeration

Parameters
object the object to get the size of
Returns
  • the size of the specified collection
Throws
IllegalArgumentException thrown if object is not recognised or null

public static boolean sizeIsEmpty (Object object)

Checks if the specified collection/array/iterator is empty.

This method can handles objects as follows

  • Collection - via collection isEmpty
  • Map - via map isEmpty
  • Array - using array size
  • Iterator - via hasNext
  • Enumeration - via hasMoreElements

Note: This method is named to avoid clashing with isEmpty(Collection).

Parameters
object the object to get the size of, not null
Returns
  • true if empty
Throws
IllegalArgumentException thrown if object is not recognised or null

public static Collection subtract (Collection a, Collection b)

Returns a new Collection containing a - b. The cardinality of each element e in the returned Collection will be the cardinality of e in a minus the cardinality of e in b, or zero, whichever is greater.

Parameters
a the collection to subtract from, must not be null
b the collection to subtract, must not be null
Returns
  • a new collection with the results

public static Collection synchronizedCollection (Collection collection)

Returns a synchronized collection backed by the given collection.

You must manually synchronize on the returned buffer's iterator to avoid non-deterministic behavior:

 Collection c = CollectionUtils.synchronizedCollection(myCollection);
 synchronized (c) {
     Iterator i = c.iterator();
     while (i.hasNext()) {
         process (i.next());
     }
 }
 
This method uses the implementation in the decorators subpackage.

Parameters
collection the collection to synchronize, must not be null
Returns
  • a synchronized collection backed by the given collection
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the collection is null

public static void transform (Collection collection, Transformer transformer)

Transform the collection by applying a Transformer to each element.

If the input collection or transformer is null, there is no change made.

This routine is best for Lists, for which set() is used to do the transformations "in place." For other Collections, clear() and addAll() are used to replace elements.

If the input collection controls its input, such as a Set, and the Transformer creates duplicates (or are otherwise invalid), the collection may reduce in size due to calling this method.

Parameters
collection the collection to get the input from, may be null
transformer the transformer to perform, may be null

public static Collection transformedCollection (Collection collection, Transformer transformer)

Returns a transformed bag backed by the given collection.

Each object is passed through the transformer as it is added to the Collection. It is important not to use the original collection after invoking this method, as it is a backdoor for adding untransformed objects.

Parameters
collection the collection to predicate, must not be null
transformer the transformer for the collection, must not be null
Returns
  • a transformed collection backed by the given collection
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the Collection or Transformer is null

public static Collection typedCollection (Collection collection, Class type)

Returns a typed collection backed by the given collection.

Only objects of the specified type can be added to the collection.

Parameters
collection the collection to limit to a specific type, must not be null
type the type of objects which may be added to the collection
Returns
  • a typed collection backed by the specified collection

public static Collection union (Collection a, Collection b)

Returns a Collection containing the union of the given Collections.

The cardinality of each element in the returned Collection will be equal to the maximum of the cardinality of that element in the two given Collections.

Parameters
a the first collection, must not be null
b the second collection, must not be null
Returns
  • the union of the two collections

public static Collection unmodifiableCollection (Collection collection)

Returns an unmodifiable collection backed by the given collection.

This method uses the implementation in the decorators subpackage.

Parameters
collection the collection to make unmodifiable, must not be null
Returns
  • an unmodifiable collection backed by the given collection
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the collection is null