public class

Cipher

extends Object
java.lang.Object
   ↳ javax.crypto.Cipher
Known Direct Subclasses

Class Overview

This class provides the functionality of a cryptographic cipher for encryption and decryption. It forms the core of the Java Cryptographic Extension (JCE) framework.

In order to create a Cipher object, the application calls the Cipher's getInstance method, and passes the name of the requested transformation to it. Optionally, the name of a provider may be specified.

A transformation is a string that describes the operation (or set of operations) to be performed on the given input, to produce some output. A transformation always includes the name of a cryptographic algorithm (e.g., DES), and may be followed by a feedback mode and padding scheme.

A transformation is of the form:

  • "algorithm/mode/padding" or

  • "algorithm"

(in the latter case, provider-specific default values for the mode and padding scheme are used). For example, the following is a valid transformation:

     Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
 
Using modes such as CFB and OFB, block ciphers can encrypt data in units smaller than the cipher's actual block size. When requesting such a mode, you may optionally specify the number of bits to be processed at a time by appending this number to the mode name as shown in the "DES/CFB8/NoPadding" and "DES/OFB32/PKCS5Padding" transformations. If no such number is specified, a provider-specific default is used. (For example, the SunJCE provider uses a default of 64 bits for DES.) Thus, block ciphers can be turned into byte-oriented stream ciphers by using an 8 bit mode such as CFB8 or OFB8.

Summary

Constants
int DECRYPT_MODE Constant used to initialize cipher to decryption mode.
int ENCRYPT_MODE Constant used to initialize cipher to encryption mode.
int PRIVATE_KEY Constant used to indicate the to-be-unwrapped key is a "private key".
int PUBLIC_KEY Constant used to indicate the to-be-unwrapped key is a "public key".
int SECRET_KEY Constant used to indicate the to-be-unwrapped key is a "secret key".
int UNWRAP_MODE Constant used to initialize cipher to key-unwrapping mode.
int WRAP_MODE Constant used to initialize cipher to key-wrapping mode.
Protected Constructors
Cipher(CipherSpi cipherSpi, Provider provider, String transformation)
Creates a Cipher object.
Public Methods
final int doFinal(byte[] output, int outputOffset)
Finishes a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation, depending on how this cipher was initialized.
final byte[] doFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
final int doFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
final int doFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
final byte[] doFinal(byte[] input)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
final int doFinal(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
final byte[] doFinal()
Finishes a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation, depending on how this cipher was initialized.
final String getAlgorithm()
Returns the algorithm name of this Cipher object.
final int getBlockSize()
Returns the block size (in bytes).
final ExemptionMechanism getExemptionMechanism()
Returns the exemption mechanism object used with this cipher.
final byte[] getIV()
Returns the initialization vector (IV) in a new buffer.
final static Cipher getInstance(String transformation, String provider)
Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.
final static Cipher getInstance(String transformation, Provider provider)
Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.
final static Cipher getInstance(String transformation)
Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.
final static int getMaxAllowedKeyLength(String transformation)
Returns the maximum key length for the specified transformation according to the installed JCE jurisdiction policy files.
final static AlgorithmParameterSpec getMaxAllowedParameterSpec(String transformation)
Returns an AlgorithmParameterSpec object which contains the maximum cipher parameter value according to the jurisdiction policy file.
final int getOutputSize(int inputLen)
Returns the length in bytes that an output buffer would need to be in order to hold the result of the next update or doFinal operation, given the input length inputLen (in bytes).
final AlgorithmParameters getParameters()
Returns the parameters used with this cipher.
final Provider getProvider()
Returns the provider of this Cipher object.
final void init(int opmode, Key key)
Initializes this cipher with a key.
final void init(int opmode, Key key, SecureRandom random)
Initializes this cipher with a key and a source of randomness.
final void init(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params, SecureRandom random)
Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.
final void init(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params, SecureRandom random)
Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.
final void init(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params)
Initializes this cipher with a key and a set of algorithm parameters.
final void init(int opmode, Certificate certificate, SecureRandom random)
Initializes this cipher with the public key from the given certificate and a source of randomness.
final void init(int opmode, Certificate certificate)
Initializes this cipher with the public key from the given certificate.
final void init(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params)
Initializes this cipher with a key and a set of algorithm parameters.
final Key unwrap(byte[] wrappedKey, String wrappedKeyAlgorithm, int wrappedKeyType)
Unwrap a previously wrapped key.
final int update(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
final byte[] update(byte[] input)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
final int update(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
final byte[] update(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
final int update(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
final byte[] wrap(Key key)
Wrap a key.
[Expand]
Inherited Methods
From class java.lang.Object

Constants

public static final int DECRYPT_MODE

Constant used to initialize cipher to decryption mode.

Constant Value: 2 (0x00000002)

public static final int ENCRYPT_MODE

Constant used to initialize cipher to encryption mode.

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int PRIVATE_KEY

Constant used to indicate the to-be-unwrapped key is a "private key".

Constant Value: 2 (0x00000002)

public static final int PUBLIC_KEY

Constant used to indicate the to-be-unwrapped key is a "public key".

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int SECRET_KEY

Constant used to indicate the to-be-unwrapped key is a "secret key".

Constant Value: 3 (0x00000003)

public static final int UNWRAP_MODE

Constant used to initialize cipher to key-unwrapping mode.

Constant Value: 4 (0x00000004)

public static final int WRAP_MODE

Constant used to initialize cipher to key-wrapping mode.

Constant Value: 3 (0x00000003)

Protected Constructors

protected Cipher (CipherSpi cipherSpi, Provider provider, String transformation)

Creates a Cipher object.

Parameters
cipherSpi the delegate
provider the provider
transformation the transformation

Public Methods

public final int doFinal (byte[] output, int outputOffset)

Finishes a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

Input data that may have been buffered during a previous update operation is processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in the output buffer, starting at outputOffset inclusive.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown. In this case, repeat this call with a larger output buffer. Use getOutputSize to determine how big the output buffer should be.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to init) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Parameters
output the buffer for the result
outputOffset the offset in output where the result is stored
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

public final byte[] doFinal (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in a new buffer.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to init) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
Returns
  • the new buffer with the result
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

public final int doFinal (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in the output buffer, starting at outputOffset inclusive.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown. In this case, repeat this call with a larger output buffer. Use getOutputSize to determine how big the output buffer should be.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to init) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Note: this method should be copy-safe, which means the input and output buffers can reference the same byte array and no unprocessed input data is overwritten when the result is copied into the output buffer.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
output the buffer for the result
outputOffset the offset in output where the result is stored
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

public final int doFinal (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in the output buffer.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown. In this case, repeat this call with a larger output buffer. Use getOutputSize to determine how big the output buffer should be.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to init) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Note: this method should be copy-safe, which means the input and output buffers can reference the same byte array and no unprocessed input data is overwritten when the result is copied into the output buffer.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
output the buffer for the result
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

public final byte[] doFinal (byte[] input)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

The bytes in the input buffer, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in a new buffer.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to init) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Parameters
input the input buffer
Returns
  • the new buffer with the result
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

public final int doFinal (ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

All input.remaining() bytes starting at input.position() are processed. The result is stored in the output buffer. Upon return, the input buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed. The output buffer's position will have advanced by n, where n is the value returned by this method; the output buffer's limit will not have changed.

If output.remaining() bytes are insufficient to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown. In this case, repeat this call with a larger output buffer. Use getOutputSize to determine how big the output buffer should be.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to init) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Note: this method should be copy-safe, which means the input and output buffers can reference the same byte array and no unprocessed input data is overwritten when the result is copied into the output buffer.

Parameters
input the input ByteBuffer
output the output ByteBuffer
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalArgumentException if input and output are the same object
ReadOnlyBufferException if the output buffer is read-only
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
ShortBufferException if there is insufficient space in the output buffer
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

public final byte[] doFinal ()

Finishes a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

Input data that may have been buffered during a previous update operation is processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in a new buffer.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to init) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Returns
  • the new buffer with the result
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

public final String getAlgorithm ()

Returns the algorithm name of this Cipher object.

This is the same name that was specified in one of the getInstance calls that created this Cipher object..

Returns
  • the algorithm name of this Cipher object.

public final int getBlockSize ()

Returns the block size (in bytes).

Returns
  • the block size (in bytes), or 0 if the underlying algorithm is not a block cipher

public final ExemptionMechanism getExemptionMechanism ()

Returns the exemption mechanism object used with this cipher.

Returns
  • the exemption mechanism object used with this cipher, or null if this cipher does not use any exemption mechanism.

public final byte[] getIV ()

Returns the initialization vector (IV) in a new buffer.

This is useful in the case where a random IV was created, or in the context of password-based encryption or decryption, where the IV is derived from a user-supplied password.

Returns
  • the initialization vector in a new buffer, or null if the underlying algorithm does not use an IV, or if the IV has not yet been set.

public static final Cipher getInstance (String transformation, String provider)

Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.

A new Cipher object encapsulating the CipherSpi implementation from the specified provider is returned. The specified provider must be registered in the security provider list.

Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via the Security.getProviders() method.

Parameters
transformation the name of the transformation, e.g., DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding. See Appendix A in the Java Cryptography Architecture Reference Guide for information about standard transformation names.
provider the name of the provider.
Returns
  • a cipher that implements the requested transformation.
Throws
NoSuchAlgorithmException if transformation is null, empty, in an invalid format, or if a CipherSpi implementation for the specified algorithm is not available from the specified provider.
NoSuchProviderException if the specified provider is not registered in the security provider list.
NoSuchPaddingException if transformation contains a padding scheme that is not available.
IllegalArgumentException if the provider is null or empty.
See Also

public static final Cipher getInstance (String transformation, Provider provider)

Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.

A new Cipher object encapsulating the CipherSpi implementation from the specified Provider object is returned. Note that the specified Provider object does not have to be registered in the provider list.

Parameters
transformation the name of the transformation, e.g., DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding. See Appendix A in the Java Cryptography Architecture Reference Guide for information about standard transformation names.
provider the provider.
Returns
  • a cipher that implements the requested transformation.
Throws
NoSuchAlgorithmException if transformation is null, empty, in an invalid format, or if a CipherSpi implementation for the specified algorithm is not available from the specified Provider object.
NoSuchPaddingException if transformation contains a padding scheme that is not available.
IllegalArgumentException if the provider is null.
See Also

public static final Cipher getInstance (String transformation)

Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.

This method traverses the list of registered security Providers, starting with the most preferred Provider. A new Cipher object encapsulating the CipherSpi implementation from the first Provider that supports the specified algorithm is returned.

Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via the Security.getProviders() method.

Parameters
transformation the name of the transformation, e.g., DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding. See Appendix A in the Java Cryptography Architecture Reference Guide for information about standard transformation names.
Returns
  • a cipher that implements the requested transformation.
Throws
NoSuchAlgorithmException if transformation is null, empty, in an invalid format, or if no Provider supports a CipherSpi implementation for the specified algorithm.
NoSuchPaddingException if transformation contains a padding scheme that is not available.
See Also

public static final int getMaxAllowedKeyLength (String transformation)

Returns the maximum key length for the specified transformation according to the installed JCE jurisdiction policy files. If JCE unlimited strength jurisdiction policy files are installed, Integer.MAX_VALUE will be returned. For more information on default key size in JCE jurisdiction policy files, please see Appendix E in the Java Cryptography Architecture Reference Guide.

Parameters
transformation the cipher transformation.
Returns
  • the maximum key length in bits or Integer.MAX_VALUE.
Throws
NullPointerException if transformation is null.
NoSuchAlgorithmException if transformation is not a valid transformation, i.e. in the form of "algorithm" or "algorithm/mode/padding".

public static final AlgorithmParameterSpec getMaxAllowedParameterSpec (String transformation)

Returns an AlgorithmParameterSpec object which contains the maximum cipher parameter value according to the jurisdiction policy file. If JCE unlimited strength jurisdiction policy files are installed or there is no maximum limit on the parameters for the specified transformation in the policy file, null will be returned.

Parameters
transformation the cipher transformation.
Returns
  • an AlgorithmParameterSpec which holds the maximum value or null.
Throws
NullPointerException if transformation is null.
NoSuchAlgorithmException if transformation is not a valid transformation, i.e. in the form of "algorithm" or "algorithm/mode/padding".

public final int getOutputSize (int inputLen)

Returns the length in bytes that an output buffer would need to be in order to hold the result of the next update or doFinal operation, given the input length inputLen (in bytes).

This call takes into account any unprocessed (buffered) data from a previous update call, and padding.

The actual output length of the next update or doFinal call may be smaller than the length returned by this method.

Parameters
inputLen the input length (in bytes)
Returns
  • the required output buffer size (in bytes)
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not yet been initialized)

public final AlgorithmParameters getParameters ()

Returns the parameters used with this cipher.

The returned parameters may be the same that were used to initialize this cipher, or may contain a combination of default and random parameter values used by the underlying cipher implementation if this cipher requires algorithm parameters but was not initialized with any.

Returns
  • the parameters used with this cipher, or null if this cipher does not use any parameters.

public final Provider getProvider ()

Returns the provider of this Cipher object.

Returns
  • the provider of this Cipher object

public final void init (int opmode, Key key)

Initializes this cipher with a key.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the given key, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidKeyException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them using the SecureRandom implementation of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness. (If none of the installed providers supply an implementation of SecureRandom, a system-provided source of randomness will be used.)

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the key
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or if this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters that cannot be determined from the given key, or if the given key has a keysize that exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final void init (int opmode, Key key, SecureRandom random)

Initializes this cipher with a key and a source of randomness.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the given key, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidKeyException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
random the source of randomness
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or if this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters that cannot be determined from the given key, or if the given key has a keysize that exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final void init (int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params, SecureRandom random)

Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters and params is null, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
params the algorithm parameters
random the source of randomness
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or its keysize exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters and params is null, or the given algorithm parameters imply a cryptographic strength that would exceed the legal limits (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final void init (int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params, SecureRandom random)

Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters and params is null, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
params the algorithm parameters
random the source of randomness
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or its keysize exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters and params is null, or the given algorithm parameters imply a cryptographic strength that would exceed the legal limits (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final void init (int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params)

Initializes this cipher with a key and a set of algorithm parameters.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters and params is null, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them using the SecureRandom implementation of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness. (If none of the installed providers supply an implementation of SecureRandom, a system-provided source of randomness will be used.)

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
params the algorithm parameters
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or its keysize exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters and params is null, or the given algorithm parameters imply a cryptographic strength that would exceed the legal limits (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final void init (int opmode, Certificate certificate, SecureRandom random)

Initializes this cipher with the public key from the given certificate and a source of randomness.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If the certificate is of type X.509 and has a key usage extension field marked as critical, and the value of the key usage extension field implies that the public key in the certificate and its corresponding private key are not supposed to be used for the operation represented by the value of opmode, an InvalidKeyException is thrown.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the public key in the given certificate, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidKeyException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
certificate the certificate
random the source of randomness
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the public key in the given certificate is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or this cipher is being initialized for decryption or unwrapping keys and requires algorithm parameters that cannot be determined from the public key in the given certificate, or the keysize of the public key in the given certificate has a keysize that exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined by the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final void init (int opmode, Certificate certificate)

Initializes this cipher with the public key from the given certificate.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If the certificate is of type X.509 and has a key usage extension field marked as critical, and the value of the key usage extension field implies that the public key in the certificate and its corresponding private key are not supposed to be used for the operation represented by the value of opmode, an InvalidKeyException is thrown.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the public key in the given certificate, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or ramdom values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidKeyException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them using the SecureRandom implementation of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness. (If none of the installed providers supply an implementation of SecureRandom, a system-provided source of randomness will be used.)

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
certificate the certificate
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the public key in the given certificate is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or this cipher is being initialized for decryption or unwrapping keys and requires algorithm parameters that cannot be determined from the public key in the given certificate, or the keysize of the public key in the given certificate has a keysize that exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined by the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final void init (int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params)

Initializes this cipher with a key and a set of algorithm parameters.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters and params is null, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using getParameters or getIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them using the SecureRandom implementation of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness. (If none of the installed providers supply an implementation of SecureRandom, a system-provided source of randomness will be used.)

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
params the algorithm parameters
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or its keysize exceeds the maximum allowable keysize (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters and params is null, or the given algorithm parameters imply a cryptographic strength that would exceed the legal limits (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).

public final Key unwrap (byte[] wrappedKey, String wrappedKeyAlgorithm, int wrappedKeyType)

Unwrap a previously wrapped key.

Parameters
wrappedKey the key to be unwrapped.
wrappedKeyAlgorithm the algorithm associated with the wrapped key.
wrappedKeyType the type of the wrapped key. This must be one of SECRET_KEY, PRIVATE_KEY, or PUBLIC_KEY.
Returns
  • the unwrapped key.
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized).
NoSuchAlgorithmException if no installed providers can create keys of type wrappedKeyType for the wrappedKeyAlgorithm.
InvalidKeyException if wrappedKey does not represent a wrapped key of type wrappedKeyType for the wrappedKeyAlgorithm.

public final int update (ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

All input.remaining() bytes starting at input.position() are processed. The result is stored in the output buffer. Upon return, the input buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed. The output buffer's position will have advanced by n, where n is the value returned by this method; the output buffer's limit will not have changed.

If output.remaining() bytes are insufficient to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown. In this case, repeat this call with a larger output buffer. Use getOutputSize to determine how big the output buffer should be.

Note: this method should be copy-safe, which means the input and output buffers can reference the same block of memory and no unprocessed input data is overwritten when the result is copied into the output buffer.

Parameters
input the input ByteBuffer
output the output ByteByffer
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
IllegalArgumentException if input and output are the same object
ReadOnlyBufferException if the output buffer is read-only
ShortBufferException if there is insufficient space in the output buffer

public final byte[] update (byte[] input)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

The bytes in the input buffer are processed, and the result is stored in a new buffer.

If input has a length of zero, this method returns null.

Parameters
input the input buffer
Returns
  • the new buffer with the result, or null if the underlying cipher is a block cipher and the input data is too short to result in a new block.
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)

public final int update (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, are processed, and the result is stored in the output buffer.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown. In this case, repeat this call with a larger output buffer. Use getOutputSize to determine how big the output buffer should be.

If inputLen is zero, this method returns a length of zero.

Note: this method should be copy-safe, which means the input and output buffers can reference the same byte array and no unprocessed input data is overwritten when the result is copied into the output buffer.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
output the buffer for the result
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result

public final byte[] update (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, are processed, and the result is stored in a new buffer.

If inputLen is zero, this method returns null.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
Returns
  • the new buffer with the result, or null if the underlying cipher is a block cipher and the input data is too short to result in a new block.
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)

public final int update (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, are processed, and the result is stored in the output buffer, starting at outputOffset inclusive.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown. In this case, repeat this call with a larger output buffer. Use getOutputSize to determine how big the output buffer should be.

If inputLen is zero, this method returns a length of zero.

Note: this method should be copy-safe, which means the input and output buffers can reference the same byte array and no unprocessed input data is overwritten when the result is copied into the output buffer.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
output the buffer for the result
outputOffset the offset in output where the result is stored
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized)
ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result

public final byte[] wrap (Key key)

Wrap a key.

Parameters
key the key to be wrapped.
Returns
  • the wrapped key.
Throws
IllegalStateException if this cipher is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized).
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested, and the length of the encoding of the key to be wrapped is not a multiple of the block size.
InvalidKeyException if it is impossible or unsafe to wrap the key with this cipher (e.g., a hardware protected key is being passed to a software-only cipher).