public class

Frame

extends Window
implements MenuContainer
java.lang.Object
   ↳ java.awt.Component
     ↳ java.awt.Container
       ↳ java.awt.Window
         ↳ java.awt.Frame
Known Direct Subclasses
Known Indirect Subclasses

Class Overview

A Frame is a top-level window with a title and a border.

The size of the frame includes any area designated for the border. The dimensions of the border area may be obtained using the getInsets method, however, since these dimensions are platform-dependent, a valid insets value cannot be obtained until the frame is made displayable by either calling pack or show. Since the border area is included in the overall size of the frame, the border effectively obscures a portion of the frame, constraining the area available for rendering and/or displaying subcomponents to the rectangle which has an upper-left corner location of (insets.left, insets.top), and has a size of width - (insets.left + insets.right) by height - (insets.top + insets.bottom).

The default layout for a frame is BorderLayout.

A frame may have its native decorations (i.e. Frame and Titlebar) turned off with setUndecorated. This can only be done while the frame is not displayable.

In a multi-screen environment, you can create a Frame on a different screen device by constructing the Frame with Frame(GraphicsConfiguration) or Frame(String, GraphicsConfiguration). The GraphicsConfiguration object is one of the GraphicsConfiguration objects of the target screen device.

In a virtual device multi-screen environment in which the desktop area could span multiple physical screen devices, the bounds of all configurations are relative to the virtual-coordinate system. The origin of the virtual-coordinate system is at the upper left-hand corner of the primary physical screen. Depending on the location of the primary screen in the virtual device, negative coordinates are possible, as shown in the following figure.

Diagram of virtual device encompassing three physical screens and one primary physical screen. The primary physical screen
 shows (0,0) coords while a different physical screen shows (-80,-100) coords.

In such an environment, when calling setLocation, you must pass a virtual coordinate to this method. Similarly, calling getLocationOnScreen on a Frame returns virtual device coordinates. Call the getBounds method of a GraphicsConfiguration to find its origin in the virtual coordinate system.

The following code sets the location of the Frame at (10, 10) relative to the origin of the physical screen of the corresponding GraphicsConfiguration. If the bounds of the GraphicsConfiguration is not taken into account, the Frame location would be set at (10, 10) relative to the virtual-coordinate system and would appear on the primary physical screen, which might be different from the physical screen of the specified GraphicsConfiguration.

      Frame f = new Frame(GraphicsConfiguration gc);
      Rectangle bounds = gc.getBounds();
      f.setLocation(10 + bounds.x, 10 + bounds.y);
 

Frames are capable of generating the following types of WindowEvents:

  • WINDOW_OPENED
  • WINDOW_CLOSING:
    If the program doesn't explicitly hide or dispose the window while processing this event, the window close operation is canceled.
  • WINDOW_CLOSED
  • WINDOW_ICONIFIED
  • WINDOW_DEICONIFIED
  • WINDOW_ACTIVATED
  • WINDOW_DEACTIVATED
  • WINDOW_GAINED_FOCUS
  • WINDOW_LOST_FOCUS
  • WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED

Summary

Nested Classes
class Frame.AccessibleAWTFrame This class implements accessibility support for the Frame class. 
Constants
int CROSSHAIR_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR.
int DEFAULT_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.DEFAULT_CURSOR.
int E_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.E_RESIZE_CURSOR.
int HAND_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.HAND_CURSOR.
int ICONIFIED This state bit indicates that frame is iconified.
int MAXIMIZED_BOTH This state bit mask indicates that frame is fully maximized (that is both horizontally and vertically).
int MAXIMIZED_HORIZ This state bit indicates that frame is maximized in the horizontal direction.
int MAXIMIZED_VERT This state bit indicates that frame is maximized in the vertical direction.
int MOVE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.MOVE_CURSOR.
int NE_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.NE_RESIZE_CURSOR.
int NORMAL Frame is in the "normal" state.
int NW_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.NW_RESIZE_CURSOR.
int N_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.N_RESIZE_CURSOR.
int SE_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.SE_RESIZE_CURSOR.
int SW_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.SW_RESIZE_CURSOR.
int S_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.S_RESIZE_CURSOR.
int TEXT_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.TEXT_CURSOR.
int WAIT_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.WAIT_CURSOR.
int W_RESIZE_CURSOR This constant is deprecated. replaced by Cursor.W_RESIZE_CURSOR.
[Expand]
Inherited Constants
From class java.awt.Component
From interface java.awt.image.ImageObserver
Public Constructors
Frame()
Constructs a new instance of Frame that is initially invisible.
Frame(GraphicsConfiguration gc)
Constructs a new, initially invisible Frame with the specified GraphicsConfiguration.
Frame(String title)
Constructs a new, initially invisible Frame object with the specified title.
Frame(String title, GraphicsConfiguration gc)
Constructs a new, initially invisible Frame object with the specified title and a GraphicsConfiguration.
Public Methods
void addNotify()
Makes this Frame displayable by connecting it to a native screen resource.
AccessibleContext getAccessibleContext()
Gets the AccessibleContext associated with this Frame.
int getCursorType()
This method is deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Component.getCursor().
synchronized int getExtendedState()
Gets the state of this frame.
static Frame[] getFrames()
Returns an array of all Frames created by this application.
Image getIconImage()
Returns the image to be displayed as the icon for this frame.
Rectangle getMaximizedBounds()
Gets maximized bounds for this frame.
MenuBar getMenuBar()
Gets the menu bar for this frame.
synchronized int getState()
Gets the state of this frame (obsolete).
String getTitle()
Gets the title of the frame.
boolean isResizable()
Indicates whether this frame is resizable by the user.
boolean isUndecorated()
Indicates whether this frame is undecorated.
void remove(MenuComponent m)
Removes the specified menu bar from this frame.
void removeNotify()
Makes this Frame undisplayable by removing its connection to its native screen resource.
void setCursor(int cursorType)
This method is deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Component.setCursor(Cursor).
synchronized void setExtendedState(int state)
Sets the state of this frame.
void setIconImage(Image image)
Sets the image to be displayed as the icon for this window.
synchronized void setMaximizedBounds(Rectangle bounds)
Sets the maximized bounds for this frame.
void setMenuBar(MenuBar mb)
Sets the menu bar for this frame to the specified menu bar.
void setResizable(boolean resizable)
Sets whether this frame is resizable by the user.
synchronized void setState(int state)
Sets the state of this frame (obsolete).
void setTitle(String title)
Sets the title for this frame to the specified string.
void setUndecorated(boolean undecorated)
Disables or enables decorations for this frame.
Protected Methods
String paramString()
Returns a string representing the state of this Frame.
[Expand]
Inherited Methods
From class java.awt.Window
From class java.awt.Container
From class java.awt.Component
From class java.lang.Object
From interface java.awt.MenuContainer
From interface java.awt.image.ImageObserver
From interface javax.accessibility.Accessible

Constants

public static final int CROSSHAIR_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int DEFAULT_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.DEFAULT_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

public static final int E_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.E_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 11 (0x0000000b)

public static final int HAND_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.HAND_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 12 (0x0000000c)

public static final int ICONIFIED

This state bit indicates that frame is iconified.

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int MAXIMIZED_BOTH

This state bit mask indicates that frame is fully maximized (that is both horizontally and vertically). It is just a convenience alias for MAXIMIZED_VERT | MAXIMIZED_HORIZ.

Note that the correct test for frame being fully maximized is

     (state & Frame.MAXIMIZED_BOTH) == Frame.MAXIMIZED_BOTH
 

To test is frame is maximized in some direction use

     (state & Frame.MAXIMIZED_BOTH) != 0
 

Constant Value: 6 (0x00000006)

public static final int MAXIMIZED_HORIZ

This state bit indicates that frame is maximized in the horizontal direction.

Constant Value: 2 (0x00000002)

public static final int MAXIMIZED_VERT

This state bit indicates that frame is maximized in the vertical direction.

Constant Value: 4 (0x00000004)

public static final int MOVE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.MOVE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 13 (0x0000000d)

public static final int NE_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.NE_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 7 (0x00000007)

public static final int NORMAL

Frame is in the "normal" state. This symbolic constant names a frame state with all state bits cleared.

Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

public static final int NW_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.NW_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 6 (0x00000006)

public static final int N_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.N_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 8 (0x00000008)

public static final int SE_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.SE_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 5 (0x00000005)

public static final int SW_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.SW_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 4 (0x00000004)

public static final int S_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.S_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 9 (0x00000009)

public static final int TEXT_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.TEXT_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 2 (0x00000002)

public static final int WAIT_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.WAIT_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 3 (0x00000003)

public static final int W_RESIZE_CURSOR

This constant is deprecated.
replaced by Cursor.W_RESIZE_CURSOR.

Constant Value: 10 (0x0000000a)

Public Constructors

public Frame ()

Constructs a new instance of Frame that is initially invisible. The title of the Frame is empty.

Throws
HeadlessException when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true

public Frame (GraphicsConfiguration gc)

Constructs a new, initially invisible Frame with the specified GraphicsConfiguration.

Parameters
gc the GraphicsConfiguration of the target screen device. If gc is null, the system default GraphicsConfiguration is assumed.
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if gc is not from a screen device.
HeadlessException when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true
See Also

public Frame (String title)

Constructs a new, initially invisible Frame object with the specified title.

Parameters
title the title to be displayed in the frame's border. A null value is treated as an empty string, "".
Throws
HeadlessException when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true

public Frame (String title, GraphicsConfiguration gc)

Constructs a new, initially invisible Frame object with the specified title and a GraphicsConfiguration.

Parameters
title the title to be displayed in the frame's border. A null value is treated as an empty string, "".
gc the GraphicsConfiguration of the target screen device. If gc is null, the system default GraphicsConfiguration is assumed.
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if gc is not from a screen device.
HeadlessException when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true

Public Methods

public void addNotify ()

Makes this Frame displayable by connecting it to a native screen resource. Making a frame displayable will cause any of its children to be made displayable. This method is called internally by the toolkit and should not be called directly by programs.

public AccessibleContext getAccessibleContext ()

Gets the AccessibleContext associated with this Frame. For frames, the AccessibleContext takes the form of an AccessibleAWTFrame. A new AccessibleAWTFrame instance is created if necessary.

Returns
  • an AccessibleAWTFrame that serves as the AccessibleContext of this Frame

public int getCursorType ()

This method is deprecated.
As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Component.getCursor().

public synchronized int getExtendedState ()

Gets the state of this frame. The state is represented as a bitwise mask.

  • NORMAL
    Indicates that no state bits are set.
  • ICONIFIED
  • MAXIMIZED_HORIZ
  • MAXIMIZED_VERT
  • MAXIMIZED_BOTH
    Concatenates MAXIMIZED_HORIZ and MAXIMIZED_VERT.

Returns
  • a bitwise mask of frame state constants

public static Frame[] getFrames ()

Returns an array of all Frames created by this application. If called from an applet, the array includes only the Frames accessible by that applet.

Warning: this method may return system created frames, such as a shared, hidden frame which is used by Swing. Applications should not assume the existence of these frames, nor should an application assume anything about these frames such as component positions, LayoutManagers or serialization.

Note: To obtain a list of all ownerless windows, including ownerless Dialogs (introduced in release 1.6), use Window.getOwnerlessWindows.

public Image getIconImage ()

Returns the image to be displayed as the icon for this frame.

This method is obsolete and kept for backward compatibility only. Use Window.getIconImages() instead.

If a list of several images was specified as a Window's icon, this method will return the first item of the list.

Returns
  • the icon image for this frame, or null if this frame doesn't have an icon image.

public Rectangle getMaximizedBounds ()

Gets maximized bounds for this frame. Some fields may contain Integer.MAX_VALUE to indicate that system supplied values for this field must be used.

Returns
  • maximized bounds for this frame; may be null

public MenuBar getMenuBar ()

Gets the menu bar for this frame.

Returns
  • the menu bar for this frame, or null if this frame doesn't have a menu bar.

public synchronized int getState ()

Gets the state of this frame (obsolete).

In older versions of JDK a frame state could only be NORMAL or ICONIFIED. Since JDK 1.4 set of supported frame states is expanded and frame state is represented as a bitwise mask.

For compatibility with old programs this method still returns Frame.NORMAL and Frame.ICONIFIED but it only reports the iconic state of the frame, other aspects of frame state are not reported by this method.

Returns
  • Frame.NORMAL or Frame.ICONIFIED.

public String getTitle ()

Gets the title of the frame. The title is displayed in the frame's border.

Returns
  • the title of this frame, or an empty string ("") if this frame doesn't have a title.
See Also

public boolean isResizable ()

Indicates whether this frame is resizable by the user. By default, all frames are initially resizable.

Returns
  • true if the user can resize this frame; false otherwise.

public boolean isUndecorated ()

Indicates whether this frame is undecorated. By default, all frames are initially decorated.

Returns
  • true if frame is undecorated; false otherwise.

public void remove (MenuComponent m)

Removes the specified menu bar from this frame.

Parameters
m the menu component to remove. If m is null, then no action is taken

public void removeNotify ()

Makes this Frame undisplayable by removing its connection to its native screen resource. Making a Frame undisplayable will cause any of its children to be made undisplayable. This method is called by the toolkit internally and should not be called directly by programs.

public void setCursor (int cursorType)

This method is deprecated.
As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Component.setCursor(Cursor).

public synchronized void setExtendedState (int state)

Sets the state of this frame. The state is represented as a bitwise mask.

  • NORMAL
    Indicates that no state bits are set.
  • ICONIFIED
  • MAXIMIZED_HORIZ
  • MAXIMIZED_VERT
  • MAXIMIZED_BOTH
    Concatenates MAXIMIZED_HORIZ and MAXIMIZED_VERT.

Note that if the state is not supported on a given platform, nothing will happen. The application may determine if a specific state is available via the java.awt.Toolkit.isFrameStateSupported(int state) method.

Parameters
state a bitwise mask of frame state constants

public void setIconImage (Image image)

Sets the image to be displayed as the icon for this window.

This method can be used instead of setIconImages() to specify a single image as a window's icon.

The following statement:

     setIconImage(image);
 
is equivalent to:
     ArrayList<Image> imageList = new ArrayList<Image>();
     imageList.add(image);
     setIconImages(imageList);
 

Note : Native windowing systems may use different images of differing dimensions to represent a window, depending on the context (e.g. window decoration, window list, taskbar, etc.). They could also use just a single image for all contexts or no image at all.

Parameters
image the icon image to be displayed.

public synchronized void setMaximizedBounds (Rectangle bounds)

Sets the maximized bounds for this frame.

When a frame is in maximized state the system supplies some defaults bounds. This method allows some or all of those system supplied values to be overridden.

If bounds is null, accept bounds supplied by the system. If non-null you can override some of the system supplied values while accepting others by setting those fields you want to accept from system to Integer.MAX_VALUE.

On some systems only the size portion of the bounds is taken into account.

Parameters
bounds bounds for the maximized state

public void setMenuBar (MenuBar mb)

Sets the menu bar for this frame to the specified menu bar.

Parameters
mb the menu bar being set. If this parameter is null then any existing menu bar on this frame is removed.
See Also

public void setResizable (boolean resizable)

Sets whether this frame is resizable by the user.

Parameters
resizable true if this frame is resizable; false otherwise.
See Also

public synchronized void setState (int state)

Sets the state of this frame (obsolete).

In older versions of JDK a frame state could only be NORMAL or ICONIFIED. Since JDK 1.4 set of supported frame states is expanded and frame state is represented as a bitwise mask.

For compatibility with old programs this method still accepts Frame.NORMAL and Frame.ICONIFIED but it only changes the iconic state of the frame, other aspects of frame state are not affected by this method.

Parameters
state either Frame.NORMAL or Frame.ICONIFIED.

public void setTitle (String title)

Sets the title for this frame to the specified string.

Parameters
title the title to be displayed in the frame's border. A null value is treated as an empty string, "".
See Also

public void setUndecorated (boolean undecorated)

Disables or enables decorations for this frame. This method can only be called while the frame is not displayable.

Parameters
undecorated true if no frame decorations are to be enabled; false if frame decorations are to be enabled.
Throws
if the frame is displayable.

Protected Methods

protected String paramString ()

Returns a string representing the state of this Frame. This method is intended to be used only for debugging purposes, and the content and format of the returned string may vary between implementations. The returned string may be empty but may not be null.

Returns
  • the parameter string of this frame